A bony lump that develops at the base of the big toe and pushes the joint outward as the toe leans inward is called a bunion, or hallux valgus. Walking and shoe fitting can become challenging due to pain, swelling, and limited mobility caused by this misalignment.

Genetics, poorly fitting shoes (particularly narrow or high-heeled styles), arthritis, foot injuries, or irregular walking patterns are all common causes of bunions. Bunions can be controlled with the right care, even though they get worse over time.

Pain, redness, swelling, restricted toe movement, and calluses are typical symptoms. Progression can be slowed and discomfort reduced with early intervention.

Wearing supportive shoes with low heels, wide toe boxes, and cushioned soles is the first step in managing bunions. Custom orthotics or over-the-counter bunion pads can support the foot and lessen friction. Pain and swelling can be reduced with the use of ice packs and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Toe stretches, towel scrunches, and toe circles are examples of foot exercises that can increase strength and flexibility. When worn at night, bunion splints may provide pain relief and temporary realignment.

In extreme situations, physicians might suggest surgery or corticosteroid injections. A bunionectomy removes the bony bump and realigns the joint. Depending on the severity, surgical options include arthrodesis, osteotomy, and exostectomy. Physical therapy and a gradual return to regular activities are part of the recovery process.

Although bunions cannot always be avoided, you can lower your risk and safeguard your joint health by wearing wide, supportive shoes, using orthotics if necessary, and taking breaks when standing for extended periods of time.