Night cramps are an uncomfortable and sometimes alarming experience, often striking when the body is at rest. They are caused by sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles—most commonly in the calves, thighs, or feet. While almost anyone can experience them, certain groups of people are more vulnerable due to physical, lifestyle, or medical factors.

Older adults are particularly susceptible. Research shows that nearly one in three people over the age of 60 suffer from night cramps regularly. This increased risk stems from age-related changes such as reduced muscle elasticity, diminished nerve function, and slower circulation. These factors make resting muscles more likely to spasm, especially during sleep when blood flow naturally decreases.

Pregnant women also frequently experience night cramps, especially in the later stages of pregnancy. The additional weight carried during this time puts greater pressure on the legs and veins, while hormonal changes can disrupt electrolyte balance. Together, these factors create the perfect conditions for cramping to occur, leaving many expectant mothers waking in discomfort.

Athletes and physically active people are another group at risk. Intense exercise can overwork muscles, and when hydration or recovery is inadequate, cramping often follows. Sweating depletes electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, and calcium—minerals essential for proper muscle function. Without proper replenishment, even well-trained bodies can be jolted awake by painful spasms.

On the other hand, people who lead sedentary lifestyles face their own risks. Hours spent sitting at a desk or standing still reduce circulation, causing muscles to stiffen and fatigue more easily. Office workers or those in professions requiring long periods of standing often report night cramps, especially if they skip stretching or regular movement throughout the day.

Certain medical conditions can also contribute. Diabetes, peripheral artery disease, kidney disease, and thyroid disorders often disrupt circulation or electrolyte balance, both of which make cramps more likely. In such cases, frequent cramping may be a symptom that requires medical evaluation rather than a standalone issue.

Finally, some medications are linked to higher cramp risk. Diuretics, commonly prescribed for high blood pressure, flush electrolytes from the body. Statins, used to lower cholesterol, and even birth control pills can also play a role. When cramps start after beginning a new medication, it is important to consult a healthcare provider to determine whether adjustments are needed.